Microbial detection and analysis of a foodborne disease caused by Staphylococcus aureus infection / 中国基层医药

Objective:To identify the cause of a suspected foodborne disease caused by bacterial food poisoning using multiple detection methods.Methods:At 9:35 a.m. on August 9, 2022, a suspected foodborne disease incident was handled by the Hefei Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The preliminary laboratory test results showed that the foodborne disease was caused by Staphylococcus aureus infection. Sixteen strains of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated, cultured, and identified using real-time fluorescent polymerase chain reaction. At the same time, the 16 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from different sources were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to determine the correlation between strains. Results:The distribution of 16 strains of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins isolated was that the anal swab and chopping board (inner) smear samples from a salesperson surnamed Li showed SEB type, and the remaining 14 strains all carried type A, C, and E enterotoxin genes simultaneously. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing results showed that there were two types of strains; except the anal swab and chopping board (inner) smear samples from the salesperson surnamed Li, the other 14 strains were all of the same type, with a similarity of 100%. The similarity between the anal swab and the chopping board (inner) smear samples from the salesperson surnamed Li was 80.65%, and the similarity with another type was 59.26%. This result was consistent with the detection results of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins. Conclusion:The foodborne disease in this case was caused by mixed contamination of two or three different sources of Staphylococcus aureus with enterotoxins.

Clinical characteristics of Wilson's disease with onset of acute liver failure in 19 children / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of Wilson's disease (WD) with onset of acute liver failure (ALF) in children. Methods: Clinical data of 19 children diagnosed with WD presented with ALF in Xi'an Children's Hospital from January 2016 to April 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, including general condition, clinical manifestation, laboratory examination, and gene detection. The children were divided into the death group and survival group according to the clinical outcome. The children who had hepatic WD with non-ALF onset during the same period were selected as the control. The general conditions and laboratory indexes were compared between death group and survival group, ALF group and non-ALF group. T-test, Mann Whitney U test or χ2 test were used to compare the differences between the two groups. Results: Of the 19 WD children with ALF onset, 10 were females and 9 were males. The age of admission was (10.1±2.6) years and time to onset of first visit was 9 (4, 15) days. Among the WD children with ALF onset, 4 children were lost to follow-up, 5 cases death (death group) and 10 cases survived (survival group). The ceruloplasmin in the death group was higher than that in the survival group (0.078 (0.055, 0.105) vs. 0.033 (0.027, 0.058) g/L, Z=-2.33, P=0.020). There were 95 children who had hepatic WD with non-ALF onset. The WD patients with ALF onset were older at admission (9.9 (8.0, 11.1) vs. 5.4 (3.7, 6.9) years, Z=-5.25, P<0.001), had higher ceruloplasmin (0.060 (0.030, 0.078) vs. 0.024 (0.006, 0.060) g/L, Z=-3.11, P=0.002), 24 h urinary copper (674 (205, 1 803) vs. 149 (108, 206) μg, Z=-4.25, P<0.001), and positive rate of K-F ring [17/19 vs. 7%(7/95), χ2=50.17, P<0.001] while shorter onset time at initial visit (0.3 (0.1, 0.5) vs. 1.0 (0.7, 6.0) months, Z=-4.28, P<0.001). There was no gender difference between the two groups [9/19 vs. 61%(58/95), χ2=1.22, P=0.269]. Of the 19 WD children with ALF onset, 13 had the ATP7B gene tested, and 15 reported variants were detected. The main variations were c.2333G>T (p. Arg778Leu), c.2621C>T (p. Ala874Val) and c.2975C>T (p. Pro992Leu). The allele frequencies were 6/26(23%), 4/26(15%) and 3/26(12%), respectively. Conclusions: Children of WD onset with ALF are school-aged and above. They have an acute onset, a short course of the disease, and poor prognosis. The positive rate of K-F ring, ceruloplasmin and urinary copper are higher than those of the hepatic WD children with non-ALF onset.

Plumbagin Enhanced Inhibitory Effect of Temozolomide on Migration and Invasion of Human Glioma U251 Cells Through E-cadherin / 肿瘤防治研究

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect and mechanism of temozolomide on migration and invasion of U251 human glioma cells enhanced by plumbagin. Methods CCK-8 method was used to study the effects of plumbagin, temozolomide and plumbagin+temozolomide on the proliferation of glioma U251 cells. Cell scratch test was used to detect the migration of U251 cells in the control (DMSO), plumbagin, temozolomide and plumbagin+temozolomide groups for 48h. Transwell assay was used to detect the effect of the combination therapy on the invasion of U251 cells. Western blot was used to detect the relative expression levels of E-cadherin in three groups. Results CCK-8 showed that the proliferation inhibition rate of U251 cells treated with plumbagin (1.25 μmol/L) combined with temozolomide (200 μmol/L) for 48h was 75.69%, significantly higher than that treated with plumbagin alone (P=0.012) or temozolomide alone (P=0.034). Cell scratch assay showed that the combination of plumbagin and temozolomide could significantly enhance the inhibition effect of temozolomide on the migration of U251 cells (P=0.023). Transwell assay showed that the invasion ability of U251 cells was significantly decreased after the combination therapy (P < 0.05). The protein expression of E-cadherin in the combination group was significantly higher than those in plumbagin or temozolomide groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion Plumbagin combined with temozolomide can inhibit the migration and invasion of glioma cells and enhance the sensitivity of glioma cells to temozolomide. And the effect is achieved by the protein expression of E-cadherin.

Utilization Analysis of Adjuvant Drugs in a Three-A Hospital during 2014 and 2016 / 中国药师

Objective:To analyze the utilization of adjuvant drugs in a three-A hospital to provide reference for rational drug use in clinic. Methods:The utilization of top 10 adjuvant drugs in the list of consumption sum in the hospital was analyzed statistically in re-spects of total consumption and constituent ratio,the consumption sum of single type, DDDs and DDC, etc. Results: The total con-sumption increased year by year from 2014 to 2016, and the constituent ratio was over 30%. The top 3 adjuvant drugs in the list of consumption sum were traditional Chinese medicine injection, neurotrophic drugs and enteral nutrition(EN)and parenteral nutrition (PN)preparations. Monosialotetrahexosylganglioside sodium injection, alprostadil injection and coenzyme complex for injection were with the highest DDDs.Conclusion:The adjuvant drugs used in the hospital are with too many variety,too high consumption sum and too frequent administration. The hospital authority should take comprehensive measures to promote the rational use of adjuvant drugs.

Mechanism of thioridazine-induced apoptosis of human colorectal cancer SW480 cells / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of thioridazine on the proliferation and apoptosis of human colorectal cancer SW480 cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>SW480 cells were treated with different concentrations of thioridazine, and MTT assay was used to evaluate the cell inhibition rate. Hoechst 33342 staining was performed to demonstrate the cell morphology changes. Flow cytometry was used to determine the cell apoptosis and cell cycle changes. RT-qPCR was used to detect PDCD4, c-MYC, BCL2, CCND1, CASPASE3, PARP1, CDK4 and EIF4A mRNA expressions, and Western blotting was employed to assay AKT, p-AKT, and PDCD4 protein expression levels.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>MTT results showed that thioridazine inhibits the proliferation of SW480 cells. SW480 cells treated with thioridazine presented with such typical features of apoptosis of karyopyknosis, chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation. Flow cytometry showed that thioridazine was a cell cycle-specific drug and caused cell cycle arrest at G(1)/G(0) phase and an increased cell apoptosis rate. Thioridazine treatment of the cells resulted in up-regulated PDCD4 mRNA expression and down-regulated mRNA expressions of CCND1, CDK4, c-MYC, BCL2, CASPASE3, PARP1 and EIF4A, increased PDCD4 protein expression and reduced p-AKT protein expression.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Thioridazine inhibits the proliferation and induces apoptosis of SW480 cells by up-regulating PDCD4 and inhibiting PI3K/Akt pathway.</p>

Amentoflavone induces apoptosis in SW480 human colorectal cancer cells via regulating β-catenin and caspase-3 expressions / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role of β-catenin and caspase-3 in amentoflavone-induced apoptosis of human colorectal cancer SW480 cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>MTT assay was used to detect the viability of SW480 cells exposed to amentoflavone, and flow cytometry was employed to assess the cell apoptosis. Western blotting was performed to determine the protein expressions of β-catenin and caspase-3 in the exposed cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Amentoflavone dose-dependently inhibited the viability of SW480 cells, and a high concentration of amentoflavone (150 µmol/L) obviously induced apoptosis of the cells. Amentoflavone exposure caused significantly increased expression of caspase-3 and suppressed β-catenin expression in the cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Amentoflavone-induced apoptosis in SW480 human colorectal cancer cells is associated with altered expressions of β-catenin and caspase-3.</p>

Effects of Wulongdan on expression of pineal clock genes in rats with chronic cerebral ischemia / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the changes in the expression of pineal clock genes in rats with chronic cerebral ischemia and evaluate the effect of intervention with Wulongdan, a traditional Chinese medicinal preparation, on these changes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Male SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group, chronic cerebral ischemia model group, and treatment group. In the latter two groups, chronic cerebral ischemia was induced by permanent ligation of the bilateral carotid arteries, and in the treatment group, Wulongdan was administered intragastrically on a daily basis for 3 weeks after the operation. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR was employed to examine the changes in the pineal expressions of Clock, Bmal1, and Per1 mRNA after the treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the model group, the expression levels of Clock and Per1 mRNA were significantly lowered compared to those in the sham-operated group (P<0.01, P<0.05), but Bmal1 mRNA expression showed no significant changes (P>0.05). Wulongdan treatment caused a significant increase in pineal lock mRNA expression compared to the model group (P<0.01), and significantly reduced pineal Bmal1 expression as compared to the sham-operated group (P<0.05). No significant difference was found in Per1 mRNA expression between the treatment group and the model group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The changes in the expressions of the pineal clock genes in rats with chronic cerebral ischemia suggest the association between chronic cerebral ischemia and sleep disorders. Wulongdan can mitigate sleep disorders caused by chronic cerebral ischemia.</p>

Molecular mechanism of Wulongdan for improving the learning and memory abilities of rats with chronic cerebral ischemia / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of Wulongdan on the learning and memory abilities of rats with chronic cerebral ischemia and explore the mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Male SD Rat models of chronic cerebral ischemia were established by permanent ligation of the bilateral carotid arteries. Three weeks after the operation, the rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group, chronic cerebral ischemia group (model group), high-dose drug group, low-dose drug group and Yinxingye group and received the corresponding treatments on a daily basis for 5 consecutive weeks. Morris water maze was used to assess the learning and memory abilities of the rats, and Western blotting was carried out for detecting the expressions of NR1 and NR2B in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the model group, the rats in high-dose drug, low-dose drug and Yinxingye groups showed significantly shorter time of finding platform in Morris water maze test (P<0.05 or 0.01). The rats in the model group showed significantly lowered expressions of NR1 and NR2B of the cortex and hippocampus than those in the sham-operated group (P<0.01). In comparison with the model group, the high-dose Wulongdan group and Yinxingye group both showed significantly increase expressions of NR1 and NR2B (P<0.01), but their expression levels still remained significantly lower than those in the sham-operated group (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Wulongdan can enhance the learning and memory abilities of rats with chronic cerebral ischemia, the mechanisms of which may involve increased expressions of NR1 and NR2B in the hippocampus and cortex.</p>

Effects of Wulongdan on learning and memory abilities of rats with chronic cerebral ischemia / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of Wulongdan, a tradition Chinese medicinal preparation, on the learning and memory abilities of rats with chronic cerebral ischemia and explore the mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Male rats with chronic cerebral ischemia induced by permanent ligation of the bilateral carotid arteries were randomized into sham-operated group, chronic cerebral ischemia (model) group, and high-, middle-, and low-dose Wulongdan groups and Yinxingye group. The corresponding treatments were administered in the rats 24 h after the operation once daily for 8 consecutive weeks. Morris water maze and step-through tests were performed after 7 weeks of drug administration. The brain tissues were then taken to observe the morphological changes in the hippocampal neurons with Nissl staining by transmission electron microscopy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the model group, the latency of finding the platform in Morris water maze test was significantly shortened (P<0.05 or 0.01), and that in step-through test significantly prolonged (P<0.05 or 0.01) in high-, middle-, and low-dose Wulongdan groups and Yinxingye group. In the model group, Nissl staining of the hippocampal CA1 region visualized obvious pathological changes in the neurons, showing a significant difference from the sham-operated and high-dose Wulongdan groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Wulongdan can enhance the learning and memory abilities of rats with chronic cerebral ischemia possibly through a mechanism in relation to neuronal protection in the hippocampus CA1 region.</p>

Effects of Buyanghuanwu decoction on nerve proliferation in rats with sequelae of ischemic stroke / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine the effect of Buyanghuanwu decoction (BYHWD) in inducing nerve proliferation in rats with sequelae of ischemic stroke.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A rat model of ischemic stroke sequelae was established by means of craniectomy in which the right common carotid artery was ligated with 4-0 silk thread followed by cauterization of the right middle cerebral artery. Programmed electric shock was administered 24 h after the onset of ischemic stroke for 2 h daily for 20 consecutive days. The rats in sham operation group were not subjected to ligation of the right common carotid artery or right middle cerebral artery occlusion. The rats in the treatment groups were given oral BYHWD for 15 consecutive days. All the rats received repeated intraperitoneal injections of the cell proliferation-specific marker 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), and the intake of BrdU in the cerebral tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The number of BrdU-immunoreactive cells in the cerebral tissues of BYHWD-treated rats was significantly greater than that in the untreated model group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>BYHWD can promote nerve proliferation in rats with ischemic stroke sequelae.</p>

Effect of wu long dan on blood viscosity,endothelin and nitric oxide in rat model of multi-infarct dementia / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Wu long dan is the experienced formula summarized in the long-term clinical practice on the treatment ischemic cerebral vascular disorder and aims at "benefiting qi,strengthening spleen,tonifying kidney,activating blood circulation,promoting circulation of collaterals and resolving phlegm". It is indicated in the previous researches that such formula acts on improving microcirculation of cerebrum,regulating neural endocrinal system and being against cerebral ischemic injury. The increased blood viscosity and disturbance endothelin and nitric oxide(NO) secreted from vessels and nerve cells have participated in the pathological progression of multi-infarct dementia(MID) and affect mutually.OBJECTIVE: To probe into the effect of wu long dan on blood viscosity,NO and endothelin in MID model in rats by duplicating MID rat model.DESIGN: A randomized controlled and experimental study based on the experimental animals.SETTING: Department of traditional Chinese medicine in a military medical university of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Laboratory of Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine in First Military Medical University of Chinese PLA and Laboratory of Department of Neurological Internal Medicine in affiliated Zhujiang Hospital from January to August 2002. SD male rats of clean grade were employed,weighted(270 ± 30) g (Qualified No. 2000337). In the experiment,there were blank control,model group,wu long dan low dosage group and wu long dan high dosage group.METHODS: After internal carotid artery isolated,dried blood suspension of homologous rats was injected at the ratio of 1:200 to prepare MID rat model. Cone-plate stationary method was adopted for the determination of blood viscosity,radioimmunoassay was for the determination of endothelin and cadmium-reduction-colorimetric method was for NO determination. Water-alcohol sedimentation was for the preparation of wu long dan.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary indexes: whole blood viscosity,plasma viscosity,plasma endothelin and NO concentration in every experimental group. Secondary indexes: results of learning and memory test.creased significantly (200 s-1: 7.21 ± 1.02; 5 s-1: 11.24 ± 0.93,P ＜ 0.01 ),the plasma endothelin(ng/L) content(167.91 ±46. 87,P ＜0.01) and endothelia/NO(64.94 ± 11.14,P ＜0.01) were increased,and NO(μmol/L)(2.60 ± 0. 43,P ＜ 0.01 ) reduced. The significant difference in the vismedication group in rats(in high dosage 200 s-1: 4.28 ±0. 81,5 s-1:8.84±0.79,P ＜0.01; in low dosage 200 s-1: 5.22±0.92,5 s-1;9.18 ± 0. 81,P ＜ 0.05 ) with model group. Concerning to plasma endothelin(ng/L) (in high dosage 120. 18±34.51,P ＜ 0.01),NO (μmol/L)content(6.84 ± 0.79,P ＜ 0.01 ) and endothelin/NO(31.26 ± 8.41,P＜ 0.01 ),the significant differences presented in all of those compared with model group.CONCLUSION: The increased blood viscosity and the disturbance between endothelin and NO secreted from vessels and nerve cells have participated in the pathological progression of multi-infarction MID and affect mutually. Wu long dan with the efficacy of strengthening spleen and tonifying kidney,activating blood circulation,resolving phlegm and promoting the circulations of collaterals acts on antagonism and regulation of increased blood viscosity and abnormal secretion of NO and endothelin in MID model rats.

Physical and chemical factors affecting the allergenic potency of the house dust mite dermatophagoides farinae extract / 中国免疫学杂志

The physical and chemical factors affecting the allergenic potency of the house bdust mite Dermatophagoides farinae extract were determined by skin test and ELISA technique in the asthmatic patients sensitive to the mite. The results showed that the allergenic potency of the extract could be reduced by heat sterilization, trypsin trea-tment and lyophization,but not lost completely,and that the potency could be increasedby supersonic treatment and repeated freeze-thaw(but less than 10 times).It was alsoshowed that the allergenic potency of the extract preserved at -20℃ was more stablethan those preserved at 4℃ or at room temperature,and that the mite extract preservedat 4℃ more than 9 years still had allergenic potency.